today’s reading
I got sucked into the nutrition reading again. Came across a few interesting things.
For 16 people over 33 days, a calorie is just a calorie: carb or fat, they’re all the same. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 55, 350-355, 1992.
Diets rich in fat may promote obesity by leading to a greater deposition of adipose-tissue triglycerides than do isoenergetic diets with less fat. This possibility was examined by a retrospective analysis of the energy needs of 16 human subjects (13 adults, 3 children) fed liquid diets of precisely known composition with widely varied fat content, for 15-56 d (33 +/- 2 d, mean +/- SE). Subjects lived in a metabolic ward and received fluid formulas with different fat and carbohydrate content, physical activity was kept constant, and precise data were available on energy intake and daily body weight. Isoenergetic formulas contained various percentages of carbohydrate as cerelose (low, 15%; intermediate, 40% or 45%; high, 75%, 80%, or 85%), a constant 15% of energy as protein (as milk protein), and the balance of energy as fat (as corn oil). Even with extreme changes in the fat- carbohydrate ratio (fat energy varied from 0% to 70% of total intake), there was no detectable evidence of significant variation in energy need as a function of percentage fat intake.
Gina Kolata explains why I sleep 10 hours a night now. This might explain a lot.
Excerpt from Kolata’s book that suggests no matter how we diet or exercise, it really does come down to genetics. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/08/health/08fat.html
A Swedish study of 42,000 women finds that a low carbohydrate/high protein diet will kill you faster.
Journal of Internal Medicine Volume 261 Issue 4 Page 366-374, April 2007
Conclusions. A diet characterized by low carbohydrate and high protein intake was associated with increased total and particularly cardiovascular mortality amongst women. Vigilance with respect to long-term adherence to such weight control regimes is advisable.
High fat/low carb diets make rats fat - we’ve gotta watch the ketones! Appetite Volume 48, Issue 2, March 2007, Pages 135-138
High-fat diets produce obesity in part because, per calorie, glucose produces greater post-prandial thermogenesis than lipids, an effect probably mediated by glucose-sensing neurons. A very low-carbohydrate/high-fat/high-protein Atkins-type diet produces obesity but is marginally ketogenic in mice. In contrast, high-sucrose/low-fat diets, and very low-carbohydrate/high-fat/low-protein (anti-epileptic) ketogenic diets reverse diet-induced obesity independent of caloric intake. We propose that a non-ketogenic high-fat diet reduces glucose metabolism and signaling in glucose-sensing neurons, thereby reducing post-prandial thermogenesis, and that a ketogenic high-fat diet does not reduce glucose signaling, thereby preventing and/or reversing obesity.
Gary Taubes, author of Good Calories, Bad Calories says that exercising does not help you stay thin. And that carbs cause Alzheimers, heart disease and cancer. If the dude’s right, expect him to win the Nobel Prize sometime soon. I sort of want to read the book. I’m willing to be the $700,000 he got in the book deal that he could write a book with the exact opposite opinion and be just as convincing. If his point is that science is biased, well, where are all of the studies with dissenting conclusions? We know they’re out there.
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